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Volume represents an increase of 2.8 million tons compared to the previous season.
The main sugar producers globally are Brazil, India, the European Union, and China, which account for more than 56.3% of production. Likewise, the main consumers are India, the European Union, China, the United States, Brazil, and Indonesia, which together account for more than 51% of all sugar consumed worldwide.
In the 2024/2025 season, global sugar production reached 186 million tons, representing an increase of 2.8 million tons (+2%) compared to the previous season (2023/2024).
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) added that for the 2024/2025 season, stocks are estimated to fall by 2.9 million tons, 6.2% less than in the previous season.
It noted that the main sugar producers globally are Brazil, India, the European Union, and China, which account for more than 56.3% of production. Likewise, the main consumers are India, the European Union, China, the United States, Brazil, and Indonesia, which together account for more than 51% of all sugar consumed worldwide.
Considering the average of the last 10 years, 73% of sugar production has been concentrated in eight countries: Brazil (23%), India (19%), the EU (8%), China (6%), Thailand (6%), the United States (5%), Pakistan (4%), and Mexico (3%).
Of these, Brazil and India increased their production the most compared to their historical averages, by 14% or 5.3 million tons and 9% or 3 million tons, respectively.
On the other hand, Thailand and Mexico saw the largest reduction compared to their 10-year average. The former fell -3% (281,000 tons less), while the latter contracted -10% (611,000 tons less).
On average, between 2015 and 2024, global exports reached 61.2 million tons, and imports reached 56.6 million tons.
During 2024, exports reached 66.7 million tons, an increase of 3.4 million tons (5.3%) compared to the previous year. This is mainly due to a 96% increase in supply from Thailand, from 5.1 million tons in 2023 to 10 million tons in 2024. Meanwhile, imports reached 57.4 million tons, a decrease of 2.4 million tons (4.1%) compared to the previous year. The slight decrease is mainly due to a decrease in the United States (979,000 tons) (-29.5%) and the European Union (100,000 tons) (-4%). Similarly, the rest of the major countries reduced their import volumes.
On average, between 2015 and 2024, global exports reached 61.2 million tons, and imports reached 56.6 million tons.
During 2024, exports reached 66.7 million tons, an increase of 3.4 million tons (5.3%) compared to the previous year. This is mainly due to a 96% increase in supply from Thailand, from 5.1 million tons in 2023 to 10 million tons in 2024. Meanwhile, imports reached 57.4 million tons, a decrease of 2.4 million tons (4.1%) compared to the previous year. The slight decrease is mainly due to a decrease in the United States (979,000 tons) (-29.5%) and the European Union (100,000 tons) (-4%). Similarly, the rest of the major countries reduced their import volumes.
The 2024/25 harvest in the Center-South region concluded with the crushing of 621.88 million tons of sugarcane processed by production units, a 4.98% decrease compared to the 654.45 million tons recorded in the previous cycle.
Despite the expected reduction in crushing compared to the previous harvest, the 2024/2025 harvest recorded the second-largest crushing in the history of the Center-South region, in addition to setting a new record for ethanol production.
In the field, the recently concluded harvest was marked by a decline in agricultural productivity in sugarcane fields in the Center-South region, following record productivity in the 2023/2024 cycle. Crops recorded a yield of 77.8 tons of sugarcane per harvested hectare from April 2024 to March 2025, a 10.7% decrease compared to the previous harvest, according to a survey by the Sugarcane Technology Center (CTC).
The state of São Paulo, responsible for approximately 57.5% of sugarcane crushing in the Center-South region, saw a 14.3% decrease (77.6 tons per hectare this harvest versus 90.6 tons per hectare in the previous cycle). In the other producing states, the decrease ranged from 2.7% in Goiás to 12.7% in Mato Grosso do Sul.
Harvest
Sugarcane can be harvested manually with machetes, or by mechanical cutters. In order to provide a higher harvest productivity and greater protection and gain of the rural worker, the burning of sugarcane before harvesting has been used a lot. However, this procedure has brought as residual effect to the urban centers located near the plantations, the soot. To overcome this problem, different actions are being developed, for example: development of machines suitable for mechanical harvesting of unburned sugarcane, development of sugarcane varieties with habit of natural spreading, very important for areas with inadequate topography mechanical harvesting. The sugarcane juice extracted in the mills of the industry is pumped to the Sugar Factory through several stages of production.,
Broth treatment – a process that promotes the removal of all soluble and insoluble impurities from the broth, such as sand, bagasse, clay, etc. This is done through the heating, chemical treatment,
decantation and sieving processes.
Evaporation – after the treatment, we obtain a transparent cane juice of slightly yellowish color that basically contains water, minerals and sugars. The purpose of the evaporation is to remove at least 75% of the water present in that clarified broth to make it into a concentrated syrup at about 65 ° Brix (% solids solubles).
Cooking – this step aims at the crystallization and recovery of 80% to 85% of the sucrose present in the syrup. The system used turns the syrup into a mass that will be centrifuged.
Centrifugation – after cooking, the mass goes through a process of physical separation (centrifugation). The sugar is centrifuged and washed with hot water and steam, having as by-product the honey that can be used in the ethanol manufacturing process.
Drying – after centrifugation, the sugar is routed to the dryers for drying and then sifted. In the sequence, it is packaged in big bags of 1200 kg and stored for commercialization.
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